Burner system is a commonly used equipment in industry. Its working principle is mainly to mix liquid or gas fuel with air and spray it into the combustion chamber or burner to produce the flame or heat energy needed for combustion. The following introduces the working principle of different types of burners:

Working principle of natural gas burner

Overall concept

Natural gas burner is also known as ignition device. Its working principle is basically "small fire to start big fire", that is, the main fuel is ignited by a small ignition device, involving spark generation device, combustible gas supply device and flame detection device working together.

Differences in classification and principles

According to the method of spark formation during discharge, ignition devices are divided into inductive discharge and capacitive discharge; based on the output voltage, they are categorized into high-voltage systems and low-voltage systems. Inductive systems have relatively lower energy storage, primarily used for igniting flammable gases and fuel vapors; capacitive systems have higher energy storage, making them more suitable for igniting in harsh environments such as high altitude, low temperature, and high pressure. In some large or special-purpose combustion equipment, a two-stage ignition method may also be employed, first using independent burners to ignite the main fuel, then stabilizing the main flame to enhance ignition success rates and operational safety.

Examples of specific types

Single supply gas type ignition nozzle: it can work only by connecting gas, suitable for simple ignition requirements.

Blower-type ignition nozzle: can be connected to air and gas at the same time, the flame is straight and complete combustion, suitable for complex industrial environment.

Working principle of self-suction burner (Venturi burner)

Self-priming burners can use natural gas and liquefied natural gas as fuel, mostly low-pressure burners, operating on the principle of atmospheric suction and low-pressure injection. When natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas enters the nozzle at a certain pressure, the gas's pressure decreases and flow increases after passing through the nozzle, resulting in high kinetic energy due to its high-speed motion. Due to the exchange of gas flow, some air enters the nozzle at a certain speed. During the momentum exchange process, the gas decelerates, and when it enters the mixing tube, the velocity is uneven. The dynamic pressure head of the gas partially overcomes resistance while part is transferred to the air, increasing the dynamic pressure of the air. At the outlet of the mixing tube, the velocity field is uniformly distributed, and the mixing speed of gas and air is higher than that of the previous section of gas.

Gas burner ignition and working principle

Ignition principle

The principle of gas burner ignition is to use a spark to ignite the gas mixture, causing it to burn and produce flames. Typically, there is an ignition electrode and a grounded electrode. When the gas valve is opened, the gas flows through the gas pipe to reach the gas burner. At the same time, the ignition electrode generates a high-voltage electric spark, creating an arc between the two electrodes. The arc transfers energy and ionizes, forming a combustible gas cloud around the gas mixture. When the concentration of the mixed gas reaches the flammability limit, the arc ignites the gas mixture, producing flames. As the flame continues to burn, the ignition electrode continuously generates arcs, maintaining the stability of the flame.

working process

When the burner operating conditions are met, the blower motor rotates to drive the fan blades. Due to the principle of centrifugal force, air is expelled by the rapidly rotating impeller and blown towards the burner's front outlet through a volute-type fan. Inside the mixing chamber, it thoroughly mixes with the incoming fuel (gas or oil). Airflow control is achieved by the damper actuator moving the damper plates. Some burners have control at the blower inlet, while others have control at the outlet. When using gaseous fuel, the gas enters through a control valve.